Secure Supplies has Advanced the Design 

The rediscovery and advancement of a old invention creates a new liquid fuel system consisting of a dispersion of hydrogen nano bubbles in water and solves this problem.

 

The hydrogen nano bubble production can be carried in a normal fuel tank and can be used as a direct replacement of gasoline in conventional engines.                                         The vehicle range per gallon of Hydrogen nano bubble fuel  is the same as that for gasoline.

 

In addition there is a saving in weight by a factor two because of the lower density of the Hydrogen nano bubble fuel ; this aspect is of particular benefit in the case of aircraft fuel.

 

The only emission into the environment is water vapor.                                                            The need for petroleum is eliminated. The cost of converting hydrogen to Hydrogen nano bubble fuel  amounts to 1.2% in terms of the energy content of the hydrogen used.                   The device creates nano meter-scale water bubbles filled with hydrogen gas.

 

At this scale, surface tension can maintain the gas within a bubble at very high pressure, about equal to 43,500 pounds per square inch (3,000 atmospheres) inside the bubble.    The smallness of such bubbles confers on them stability against gravitational aggregation and merging. The fluid is expected to be stored, distributed and handled like gasoline.

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Existing hydrogen storage systems store hydrogen in high-pressure cylinders at about 3,600 pounds per square inch pressure (about 250 atmospheres).

 

Some research labs are exploring very high pressure storage at about 12,000 pounds per square inch (about 800 atmospheres). Hydrogen stored in the form created by its proprietary device and process is expected to have a volumetric energy density (higher heating value) from about 24 to 29 megajoules per liter.

 

The stated range is attributable to uncertainties in comprehensibility  and small-scale cohesion factors. This compares favorably with the energy density for gasoline at about 26 to 31 megajoules per liter.             

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The theory behind the patent is that hydrogen bubbles at a nano scale can be dispersed and stored in water.

 

This water in turn can be stored in a container at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures.

 

These hydrogen nano bubbles then can be released for use in hydrogen internal combustion engines and fuel cells.

 

So essentially these nano scale water bubbles are filled with hydrogen at very high pressures, up to 43,500 pounds per square inch before being released.

 

This “juiced” water, however, does not have to be stored any differently than a combustible liquid such as gasoline. 

 

“The method used to release gas from the aqueous dispersion depends on the application. In the case of an internal combustion engine one might choose to inject the dispersion into the inlet manifold and carry the water through the combustion and expansion process.

 

Alternatively, the gas can be separated by weakening the surface tension of the water through raising the temperature of the dispersion. This can be done, for example, by utilizing waste heat. Another method to release hydrogen would be to introduce an additive that lowers surface tension.

 

The rate at which gas separation from liquid can be effected is related to prevention of foaming. In the case of fuel cells, it may be advantageous to introduce the gas in dispersion.”

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The process is expected to have application to other high value gases made more usable in such a storage medium, such as natural gas a.k.a.methane and propane.

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