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Air Intake Air Processor

Last Update FEB 2017

 

RF EMF DOCUMENT  Video Below  HERE 

 

Update it has been discover we need to use Vcsel Diodes pulsing in picosecond rates they are ting  pin semi conductor diode specifically for electron bombardment and extraction and will last long time and achieve high pico second pulse from laser driver circuit Secure Supplies Has these Items for sale the below circuit can be used for wfc and vic separately  1 circuit for each .  more new pics at end of page  we try to simplify these and condense page at this time 

Dan 

Stanley Meyer Gas Processor Parts.png

THIS PART MAKES IONISED OXYGEN & NITROGEN A VITAL GAS FOR Controlling the Burn Rate for meter mixing and 

 MAKING OF FUEL ON DEMAND 

On Combustion

Nitrogen  + Hydrogen  = NH3 and NH4 + OH This is Done on Combustion PRior all destabilized Gases in High energy states with stripped off electrons

Controlling the Air Space on air intake on all combustion engines is a major first step to understanding what is going on with all fuels.Not matter if it is Gasoline Hydrogen Lpg NGV Methanol Diesel or Gasohol or other.

 

The Combustion engine is basically a air management system, the rate and power of burn is vital to its operation. Controlling the mixing of gases and how much room you give gases to mix with ambiant intake air is crtical for performance.

 

If you mix gaslonine better than standard you will increase fuel milage alot, if you ionise the air coming into be mixed you will gain alot of performance and milage also with gasoline.

 

If we Thorw away Gasoline and use Hydrogen we want to rduce the air space in the manifold to be as small as possible and idealy have 2 injector one for hudrogen and 1 for ionised air. short of that we fill manifold space in ways to reduce the air dilution or expansion in manifold when using hydrogen.

 

You can do that in several ways one way it to introduce hydrogen to inject rail only and or as close as possible to the in let valve not at start of manifold but the very back. You can fill manifold with shread brass or ss steel ball to reduce the air space.

 

You should ionise all incomign air to have it in a high energy state to mix with hydrogen and be more explsive and at same time be controlled so you need less of it Lees (air intake)

Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner

Air Intake Ionizer- Lazer Diode

Stan Us the Gas Processor Technology in several ways, here we explain theIonized Air intake a fundamental part of balancing the quality and condition of the air mixing with fuel into the combustion chamber to prepare the combustion chamber for the injection of HHO and other gases. You might consider that is the intake is perfect. The need to inject gases with HHO is greatly reduced. Thus Ionized air and re cycled Exhaust gases into inlet manifold improves system operation a lot and prepares, what I call correct Hydrogen combustion environment. To allow Hydrogen to be combusted correctly reversing pollution effects correctly returning to a H2O output in balance with nature. We will post parts for this unit to this page as they become available to market.

We have to IONIZE the Gas with Corona Dischage 

 

Dc Charge no ac as we want a charge on the Nitrogen which allows bonding to Hydrogen

 

 

 

Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyers Digle Air intake Processor car

The Gas processor (GP) is the most important part of Stanley Meyers whole system coupled with the Electron Extraction Circuit (EEC) and the Lazar energy input, for without these you can have no Hydrogen Fracturing Process.

 

 

 

​​The purpose of the Gas Processor is to raise the energy content of the whole reaction by stripping electrons from the incoming air supply by a corona discharge (Ion impact charging of the atoms). The GP is made to focus on the Oxygen atoms in that the LEDs coherent light is chosen to match oxygen’s wave lengths and are used to bombard the oxygen atoms at the right wavelengths so the energy will be absorbed by the atoms. This Laser energy in effect lowers the energy required to pull off electrons from the oxygen atoms by pushing the electrons to a higher orbit thus farther away from the nucleus weakening their bond and making it easier to remove the electrons in the process. The pulsing of the EEC is 180 degrees from that of the GP. The pulsing of the LEDs should be done in a lasing fashion and is independent of the GP & EEC pulsing.

 

 

The LEDs pulsing should be done so the mirror bounce back is timed and another pulse is added to amplify the LEDs phonic energy a process known as lasing. Here are the ionization energy levels of oxygen:​​• 1st 1313.9 kJ/mol• 2nd 3388.3 kJ/mol• 3rd 5300.5 kJ/mol• 4th 7469.2 kJ/mol• 5th 10909.5 kJ/mol• 6th 13326.5 kJ/mol• 7th 71330.0 kJ/mol• 8th 84078.0 kJ/mol​Now let us take a look at the reaction to break and form the water molecule under normal conditions.4 H-O 459 kJ/mol bonds are broken taking 1836 kJ/mol to do so.​2 H-H 436 kJ/mol bonds 872 kJ/mol and 1 O=O bond 498 kJ/mol are formed yielding -1370 kJ/mol.This is why all scientist say it takes more energy to break the bonds of water than you get from combining them, for the net sum of the reaction is positive, 1836-1370 = 466 kJ/mol, meaning it is an endothermic reaction.​Now the new reactions after the GP and WFI's have stripped the electrons off of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms to form the water molecules have two parts to them, one chemical, and the other nuclear. Let’s take a look at the 1st energy level of 1313.9 kJ/mol and 1312.0 kJ/mol respectively.

 

 

​The chemical side yields: 2 H-H bonds 872 kJ/mol and 1 O=O bond 498 kJ/mol = -1370 kJ/mol and the nuclear side yields 2(1312.0) + 1(1313.9) = -3937.9 kJ/mol. These two add up to 3937.9 + 1370.0 = -5307.9 kJ/mol now this is then divided by 1.34 and that gives us -3961.1 kJ/mol being given off from Meyer's hydrogen fracturing process with one electron being stripped from all the atoms. Now this is lower than gasoline which as a range from -4864 kJ/mol to -5080 kJ/mol depending on grade used.Stanley Meyer said he stripped four electrons or more off of the oxygen atoms so let us take a look at the reactions as told to us in the patent.​The new reaction to form the water molecule at the 4th energy level is as follows:The chemical side yields: 2 H-H bonds 872 kJ/mol and 1 O=O bond 498 kJ/mol = -1370 kJ/mol and the nuclear side yields 2(1312.0) + 1(1313.9 + 3388.3 + 5300.5 + 7469.2 ) = -20095.9 kJ/mol. These two add up to 20095.9 + 1370.0 = -21465.9 kJ/mol now this is then divided by 1.34 and that gives us -16019.3 kJ/mol being given off from Meyer's hydrogen fracturing process with one electron being stripped from the hydrogen atoms and four being stripped from the oxygen atoms.

 

 

Note that is 3.15 times larger than gasoline.​Now this is more than 3.15 times the energy content of that of gasoline, and gives a most probable answer to the question of, "How did Stanley Meyer run his 1.6L engine with an hho production rate of only 7L/min.?" For you still have more electrons that can be stripped off. So the net effect of stripping off electrons from the oxygen & hydrogen atoms changed the reaction from an endothermic reaction to a exothermic reaction and the process of stripping electrons didn't take that much energy as everything was done in a resonance condition using two or more forms of energy that all sums together to do the work working together of stripping the electrons from the atoms.​Another question some might have at this stage.

 

 

"Why doesn’t the GP make Ozone?" That is the job of the Electron Extraction Circuit(EEC). The gas speeds inside of the GP and the proximity to the EEC’s positive screen mesh grid doesn’t give the freshly stripped electrons a chance to form ozone by consuming them in the form of heat. The unstable oxygen atoms will have a positive charge and will be unable to stabilize for at least 0.74 seconds. That may sound like a short time but the gas speeds inside of an engines intake system are very fast. What the gas speeds are I will leave for the reader to calculate. Without the EEC the GP will only produce mostly ozone, though ozone does have a higher energy content than normal oxygen atoms it also will oxidize just about anything it comes into contact with.​Now this may be the relationship between the two forms of energy, now remind you this is a guess as it may be far more complex than this.​b = c - a​a = Lazar energy absorbed, b = energy put into the voltage zones, and c = energy required to remove an electron or breakdown a molecule. Most c's are known to us for we know it takes 1836 kJ/mol of energy to breakdown the water molecule and we also know the energy needed to eject an electron from an atom as is the case for oxygens ionization energy levels for example,

 

 

1st energy level requires 1313.9 kJ/mol of energy to remove an electron from the oxygen atom.​Now with this new relationship we can lower the energy requirements to do the job. If a = 0 then b = c and everything is as normal. If b = 0 then we call that photo ionization and the amount of energy that has to be absorbed by the atoms/molecules is equal to c. Now when the two forms of energy are put together we get Meyer's technology. Again it may be more complex than that but it does show a working relationship for just what Stanley Meyer was doing.​As I said it might be more complexed than that and I was right. The types of energy working on this are, Electrical(b), Light(a), Gravitational(d), Heat(e). So to add these in to the above equation we get this:​b = c - (a + d + e)​and perhaps the others can be added in at the reaction side of the equation not shown, since Meyer says we get thermal explosive energy. Gravitational energy is the pressure and the engine relieves this pressure by creating a vacuum. The Steam Resonator creates the heat as well as the fuel after the engine warms up.

 

 

But when using all of these different types of energy they work together to do work in the case for Stanley Meyer to pull electrons from atoms and to break down molecules, ie the water and NOx molecules as he made two gas processors one on the intake system and the other in the place of the catalytic converter.​Why would Meyers use a GP in place of the catalytic converter on modern engines?Answer:Because he recycles the engine exhaust back into the combustion chamber along with the processed intake air. The GP renders the intake air unstable making it possible to combust water in the combustion chamber.​So that is how he did it. Using the energies together to get the tasks he wanted done. This effectively lowers the energy required for the electrical input to the voltage zone(s) to strip the electrons away from the atoms. And using these different energies in this way opens up a whole new field of science. This all still follows the conservation of energy and that is music to my ears.​Now when I look at the reaction side of the equation, IE, horsepower measured at the wheels, the reaction involved should look like this:​f + g + h = total HP at the wheels​Chemical(f), Stored Mechanical(g), and Nuclear(h).

 

 

Chemical is the easy one for that is just 4H + O2 => 2H2O, Stored Mechanical comes from the engines flywheel, and the new one, Nuclear, comes from the atoms now being in an unstable state.Now the reason I say Nuclear is due to Meyer's lecture videos primarily the New Zealand one. He states that he is preventing the water molecule from forming, but just what is that doing and how it is being done? The hydrogen is missing one electron and the oxygen is missing four, now due to the electro negativity the oxygen atoms will have first pic at getting any electrons. When the unstable atoms go to form the water molecule they can not do so until all of the electrons are present.​Thus when they go to form the water molecule the hydrogen atom has to make electrons from it's nucleus, reason why I point at Nuclear energy, but the oxygen atom takes the electron as soon as it is made to fill in it's missing electrons, and the process repeats until all the electrons are created from the nucleus of the hydrogen atom giving off the same amount of energy it took to strip the electrons off in the first place.​Meyer says that energy is coming from the aperture, but in keeping with science it's a good bet it's coming from the nucleus, hence "thermal explosive energy." Anyway that is just my idea of how it is all working.​Quote:From:

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IonizationNon-sequential ionization​When the fact that the electric field of light is an alternating electric field is combined with tunnel ionization, the phenomenon of non-sequential ionization emerges. An electron that tunnels out from an atom or molecule may be sent right back in by the alternating field, at which point it can either recombine with the atom or molecule and release any excess energy, or it also has the chance to further ionize the atom or molecule through high energy collisions. This additional ionization is referred to as non-sequential ionization for two reasons: one, there is no order to how the second electron is removed, and two, an atom or molecule with a +2 charge can be created straight from an atom or molecule with a neutral charge, so the integer charges are not sequential. Non-sequential ionization is often studied at lower laser-field intensities, since most ionization events are sequential when the ionization rate is high.Now let us look at what is said in the patent: My words are in red.

 

 

​Thermal Explosive EnergyExposing the expelling "laser-primed" and "electrically charged" combustible gas ions (exiting from Gas Resonant Cavity) to a thermal-spark or heat-zone causes thermal gas-ignition, releasing thermal explosive energy (gmt) beyond the Gas-Flame Stage, as illustrated in Figure (1-19) as to (1-18). { What this is saying is the mixture can be either spark or heat ignited to set off the reaction.} Thermal Atomic interaction (gmt) is caused when the combustible gas ions (from water) fail tounite or form a Covalent Link-up or Covalent Bond between the water molecule atoms. asillustrated in Figure (1-19). The oxygen atom having less than four covalent electrons (ElectronExtraction Process) is unable to reach "Stable-State" (six to eight covalent electrons required) when the two hydrogen atoms seek to form the water molecule during thermal gas ignition.​{ This is saying that Meyer stripped the oxygen atom to its' 4th ionization energy level of 7469.2 kJ/mol or less than the 4th energy level.

 

 

Why because the oxygen atom has six electrons in its' outer orbit.}​The absorbed Laser energy (Va. Vb and V c) weakens the "Electrical Bond" between the orbitalelectrons and the nucleus of the atoms; while, at the same time, electrical attraction-force (qq'),being stronger than "Normal" due to the lack of covalent electrons. "Locks Onto" and "Keeps" thehydrogen electrons. These "abnormal" or "unstable" conditions cause the combustible gas ions toover compensate and breakdown into thermal explosive energy (gmt).​{ What this part is saying is that these primed oxygen atoms have enough energy to break the water down and re-react with them with more energy yield than just the hydrogen/oxygen reaction in air alone. Plus tells that the phonic energy is also aiding the stripping of electrons from the oxygen atom.}​This Atomic Thermal Interaction between highly energized combustible gas ions is hereinafter called "The Hydrogen Fracturing Process."By simply attenuating or varying voltage amplitude in direct relationship to voltage pulse-ratedetermines Atomic Power-Yield under controlled state. { This part is telling us that by simply raising/lowering the voltage we can control the power output of the reaction, and he went and grouped terms again.}​Also in the patent:The Hydrogen Fracturing Process dissociates the water molecule by way of voltage stimulation, ionizes the combustible gases by electron ejection and, then, prevents the formation of the water molecule during thermal gas ignition ..

 

 

. releasing thermal explosive energy beyond "normal" gas burning levels under the control state ... and the atomic energy process is environmentally safe.Abstract of WO9222679​An injector system comprising an improved method and apparatus useful in the production ofa hydrogen containing fuel gas from water in a process in which the dielectric property of waterand/or a mixture of water and other components determines a resonate condition that produces abreakdown of the atomic bonding of atoms in the water molecule.​The injector delivers a mixture of water mist(1), ionized gases(2), and non-combustible gas(3) to a zone or locus(5) within which the breakdown process leading to the release of elemental hydrogen from the water molecules occurs.{This is giving us the formula needed to break down water into its elemental forms hydrogen and oxygen with just the Gas Processor, water fuel injector, and a spark ignition or high heat ignition from a high compression type engine 16:1 compression ratio or higher. The need of the firestorm type spark plug is a must so that it makes sure the reaction occurs, that would be considered the locus. That formula is: (charged) water mist, ionized gases, noncombustible gas, and spark or heat ignition.}

 

 

​​In Regards To LED ( LAZER LIGHT ENERGYI present the further understanding of Stanley Meyer's patent bringing science to them when none exsisted before. He only would sound off words of importance but not talk about why those words where important. Words like "Water is a dielectric liquid" and "utilizing the properties of water" and as far as I know he only mentions the "4th energy level or more" once in his all of his patents. That last one makes no sense put in any other context other than with the stripping of the electrons from oxygen and the resulting energy content of the reaction after the said energy levels are reached.​Now with the concern of coherent light you choose to use you have to hit the oxygen atoms at the correct resonance wavelengths or the atoms will not absorb the energy. You can't just put any wavelength of light you want in there it has to be light that the atom can absorb. For example if you put 405 nm in there oxygen will not absorb that wavelength so nothing will happen. Some wavelengths for oxygen:​398.220​406.990​407.216​407.587​408.391​408.714​408.927​409.724​410.500​As you can see from the list you would have missed oxygens absorbtion spectrum. If you miss the absorbtion spectrum the nucleous will not absorb energy and thus will not push the electrons about it further away from the center so they can be stripped off in what Meyer calls destablizing the atoms. So it is very important you ask or do research on the LEDs you chose to use to find out what wavelengths they actually put out.​

Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner

Air intake Ionizer Air Processor in DetailParts Kits and Pcs Learn More Now Go Here SPECS LEDS​RWG notes1o 70,000 cmd2o red 630 nmtotal 24 uv led 44 ledsclear lenseresistors on russ's560 ohms20 milliamps each 2 volt​============max notes7 220 ohm 1/2 watt each mini boardred leds defused 7 pc3 boards x 7 led = 21Per led 1 220 ohm resistorneeds a 5 volt power supply.9xd is available from max5 volt regulor on one sidefor led array 1 amp.

Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner

must be pulsed, yes the 9xb will pulse it we know meyer used red ones. we have the pictures. we know they had 220 ohm resistors. this means a 5 volt power supply. the patent say they are pulsed.

 

try this direct from the opto coupler on the 9xb.........the white chip red leds would take a 220 ohm resistor for each one with a 5 volt power supply on the 9xb board there is a hole marked 5 volts. that hole is to the 220 ohm resistor . then the tip 120 is to the ground side of the led. the 9xb 5 volt reg can handle 1.5 amps, no more. you can also use a power transitor like a 2n3055, instead of the tip 120. many other NPN power transistors should work. just connect it to the same pin outs as the tip120 is connected.

Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner

NOTES
Must be pulsed, yes the 9xb will pulse it

 

Can be USed on teh GAS PRocessor and the Cell resonant cavity .To Raise energy state of gases in both locations.

 

The gas thats generated by or from resonant cavity goes to the GP... light helps to move the O electron away from HH, thus increasing energy content. the EEC also works along with GP to do that same. ie to get high energy content from the generated HHO. 


 EEC is part of VIC circuit. and can be used on Cell and GAs Processor
Unless we in-cooperate the GP--EEC(along with VIC), we will not get over-unity or close. 


The lights in GP should also flicker wrt the frequency at the cell or the frequency of scr output. 


5mm LEds Correct I think, thinking that's another resonant action of the system. Here you can see Me using the 9XB.....

 

and the pulses are all in sync and im extracting Electrons from the Bridge Rectifier + Trough a diode and Negative to output diode. The collector grid goes trough a neon and back to power supply. If you look close in the video when the Laser light is turned on the white cloud turns super thick white and drops about 2 inches

 

 

NOTES ON pHOTON ABSORBTION(NM) FROM A FEW WEB SOURCES I RESEARCHED have bought a 656 led on ebay and trailling it in the car this week to see i i notice any gains in fuel economy Hydrogen light absorbtion 410(ordered),434 , 486, 656 nitrogen (N-H bonds) have a first harmonic overtone at 1510 nm and a series of combination bands at 1980, 2060, and 2180 nm (Wessman, 1990). 213 and 217nm are max UV absorbance for ? Stan Meyer's hydrogen fracturing process using Lasers - Ionizationx

 

www.ionizationx.com/index.php?topic=302.10;wap2 Stan Meyer's hydrogen fracturing process using Lasers. << < (3/7) > >> ... Hydrogen Fracturing Process (method) WFC 420 I believe more than one time refers to I.R. Led's ... this is the LED mentionned in the patents , Galium-Arsenide 935 nm 730 nm?270-275nm? 310-320nm and 760nm (H2O) 230-240nm (N2) 155-160nm (o2) Water vapor-nitrogen absorption at CO(2) laser frequencies. Peterson JC, Thomas ME, Nordstrom RJ, Damon EK, Long RK. "...a series of pressure-broadened water vapor absorption measurements at 27 CO(2) laser frequencies between 935 cm(-1) and 1082 cm(-1)" D20 (Deterium heavy water) - shift H2O from 760nm to 1000nm Balmer series or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is the designation of one of a set of six different named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical

 

equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885. The visible spectrum of light from hydrogen displays four wavelengths, 410 nm, 434 nm, 486 nm, and 656 nm, that correspond to emissions of photons by electrons in excited states transitioning to the quantum level described by the principal quantum number n equals 2.[1] There are also a number of ultraviolet Balmer lines with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm. Wavelength (nm) [2] Color Red 656.3 Blue 486.1 Violet 434.1 Violet 410.2 (Ultraviolet) 397.0 (Ultraviolet) 388.9 (Ultraviolet) 383.5 (Ultraviolet) 364.6 (from wikipedia "Balma series")

 

656nm breaks down alpha level on H which is the outer 2 layers of 3 protons surround a H atoms nucleus

 

 

Stan Meyer's hydrogen fracturing process using Lasers

www.ionizationx.com

Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner

IF your Trolling this picture below is one of the most important pictures regarding this technology and how to apply it  Dan 

Stan Meyer Air intake Car truck inlet manifold air cleaner
Stanley,meyer,gas,processor,electron,extraction,waterfuel,buggy,injector,led,nm,630,oxygen,hydrogen,water,h2o,plans,instructions,

Air intake is block with a vacuum operated diaphragm  to stop ambient air entering and ground gas being processed 

Here is the nitrogen laser the most powerful of the world This laser consists of discharge electrodes 50 mm long with a Blumlein line in Kapton 125 microns thick and a low inductance coaxial spark gap.

 

This arrangement provides an instantaneous power of 440 kW in 500 picoseconds for only 5 cm long cavity. The beam section is 3x2 mm.

 

This cavity was the amplifier stage in the MOPALITE lasers developed for the calibration of the drifts chamber used at CERN in 1982 and developed by Arnold Neracher. Goto www.swissrocketman.fr The gain medium is nitrogen molecules in the gas phase. The nitrogen laser is a three-level laser. In contrast to more typical four-level lasers,

 

the upper laser level of nitrogen is directly pumped, imposing no speed limits on the pump. Pumping is normally provided by direct electron impact; the electrons must have sufficient energy, or they will fail to excite the upper laser level. Typically reported optimum values are in the range of 80 to 100 eV per Torr·cm pressure of nitrogen gas. There is a 40 ns upper limit of laser lifetime at low pressures and the lifetime becomes shorter as the pressure increases.

 

The lifetime is only 1 to 2 ns at 1 atmosphere. A nitrogen laser is a gas laser operating in the ultraviolet range[1] (typically 337.1 nm) using molecular nitrogen as its gain medium, pumped by an electrical discharge. The wall-plug efficiency of the nitrogen laser is low, typically 0.1% or less, though nitrogen lasers with efficiency of up to 3% have been reported in the literature. The wall-plug efficiency is the product of the following three efficiencies: electrical:

 

TEA laser gain medium: This is the same for all nitrogen lasers and thus has to be at least 3% inversion by electron impact is 10 to 1 due to Franck–Condon principle energy lost in the lower laser level: 40% optical: More induced emission than spontaneous emission The strongest lines are at 337.1 nm wavelength in the ultraviolet.

 

Other lines have been reported at 357.6 nm, also ultraviolet. This information refers to the second positive system of molecular nitrogen, which is by far the most common. No vibration of the two nitrogen atoms is involved, because the atom-atom distance does not change with the electronic transition. The rotation needs to change to deliver the angular momentum of the photon, furthermore multiple rotational states are populated at room temperature.

 

There are also lines in the far-red and infrared from the first positive system, and a visible blue laser line from the molecular nitrogen positive (1+) ion. The metastable lower level lifetime is 40 μs, thus, the laser self-terminates, typically in less than 20 ns. This type of self-termination is sometimes referred to as "bottlenecking in the lower level". This is only a rule of thumb as is seen in many other lasers: The helium–neon laser also has a bottleneck as one decay step needs the walls of the cavity and this laser typically runs in continuous mode.

 

Several organic dyes with upper level lifetimes of less than 10 ns have been used in continuous mode. The Nd:YAG laser has an upper level lifetime of 230 µs, yet it also supports 100 ps pulses. Repetition rates can range as high as a few kHz, provided adequate gas flow and cooling of the structure are provided.

 

Cold nitrogen is a better medium than hot nitrogen, and this appears to be part of the reason that the pulse energy and power drop as the repetition rate increases to more than a few pulses per second. There are also, apparently, issues involving ions remaining in the laser channel. Air, which is 78% nitrogen, can be used, but more than 0.5% oxygen poisons the laser

pcv2.gif
pcv1s.jpg
pcv.gif

Art posted and will be edit to match stans Gas Processor 

How the PCV VALVE Works - CV-103

Functional description for the Positive Crankcase Ventilation valve, late 60's to early 70's vintage from BMC (not original equipment on the MGA): 

From top down the parts are assembly clip, metal cover plate, large rubber diaphragm, small metal poppet valve, compression spring, and valve body. The top cover has a small hole for atmospheric air vent. The diaphragm seats and seals around the top rim of the body. The side port is below the diaphragm and is the inlet connection from the crankcase. The bottom port connects to the intake manifold with high vacuum. The spring force is small, so you could push the diaphragm down with one finger. In its rest state with engine off, no vacuum and no flow, the spring holds the diaphragm up and the poppet valve open. The base of the valve body also contains a lightly spring loaded check valve to eliminate any backflow in case of backfire in the intake manifold. The other key ingredient is the inlet restrictor on the valve cover (and some form of inlet air filter). 

 


Failed PCV valve diaphragm


When the engine starts vacuum in the intake manifold begins to draw air through the valve body. Since there is some restriction at the valve cover inlet, a small vacuum develops in the crankcase. As soon as there is vacuum present in the valve body it uses atmospheric air pressure to push the diaphragm down to close the poppet valve. As the poppet approaches the valve seat it restricts air flow. The internal cavity of the valve body is then isolated from manifold vacuum and is exposed to the lighter vacuum level in the crankcase. If the poppet was to closed all the way it would stop air flow completely, resulting in no vacuum in the valve body, and the spring would push the valve open. So it settles into a state of equilibrium with a very small air flow and a light vacuum in the valve body. The pressure differential between atmospheric pressure and the lower crankcase absolute pressure pushes the diaphragm with just enough force to compress the spring. The light vacuum in the valve body and the crankcase is a result of air flow and the inlet restriction at the valve cover. The magnitude of that low vacuum level is determined by the strength of the spring working against the diaphragm. A stronger spring would hold the valve open a bit more making more air flow and higher crankcase vacuum. Result of all this is, with engine idling there is a small air flow going through the crankcase. The carburetor will be adjusted to enrich fuel mixture slightly to accommodate this extra air input and result in correct overall air fuel ratio. 

When you hit the throttle to accelerate manifold vacuum drops. This would result in slightly less air flow through the PCV valve. Less flow decreases vacuum in the crankcase. Since the crankcase vacuum is controlling the diaphragm, the valve opens a bit more to admit more air flow. Increased flow increases crankcase vacuum due to the inlet restrictor, and the valve closes a little. End result of this balancing act is, with lower manifold vacuum the valve is open slightly more, but the crankcase vacuum and air flow remain about the same as when it was idling. Since the diaphragm is controlled by crankcase vacuum, the crankcase vacuum level and ventilation air flow remain fairly constant over a wide range of operating conditions and manifold vacuum. The flow volume of ventilation air going through the crankcase is determined by the vacuum level and the size of the inlet restrictor orifice. 

Blow by gasses from the pistons into the crankcase would want to increase crankcase absolute pressure (still below atmospheric pressure). Increasing crankcase pressure allows the diaphragm to lift opening the valve poppet a bit. This allows more air to flow from crankcase to inlet manifold, and the PCV valve will be passing both the ventilation air and the blow by gasses. When valve flow has increased enough to match the blow by volume, the crankcase vacuum will then draw the valve diaphragm down to regulate the original vacuum level in the crankcase, resulting also in the same original ventilation flow through the inlet restrictor. Hitting the throttle harder you get lower manifold vacuum and more blow by making higher crankcase pressure. Both of these things conspire to open the PCV valve more to allow more flow until the original crankcase vacuum level is restored. End result of all this is that the PCV valve will open as much as is required to allow flow of blow by gasses in any variable amount while retaining the same vacuum level in the crankcase. 

When you close the throttle at high engine speed you get very high vacuum in the intake manifold and virtually zero blow by. This causes higher vacuum at the PCV valve, so the diaphragm pulls down to close the valve some to reduce flow. The reduced flow brings down the vacuum at the crankcase side of the valve until it gets back to equilibrium again with the same original crankcase vacuum and ventilation rate. 

So the PCV valve is doing two things. It is maintaining a constant light vacuum level in the crankcase, and it is modulating air flow to exactly match the crankcase ventilation volume and blow by volume combined at all times. The proper description for this device is then "vacuum modulated flow control valve". Or if you think in terms of crankcase absolute pressure you can call it "pressure modulated flow control valve". For the common folk we just call it the PCV valve. 

There are a few unnatural operating conditions for this valve. First, if you remove the oil filler cap when running you lose the crankcase vacuum. With increased absolute pressure in the crankcase the PCV valve will open wider in attempt to process this perceived excess "blow by". When the valve cannot increase flow enough to restore crankcase vacuum, the best it can do is to go wide open. When allowing maximum flow of air through the PCV valve the engine idle will speed up a little, and the fuel mixture will go lean, and it should have a slightly rough fast idle. 

Second, putting your hand over the oil filler port and closing off the valve cover inlet vent will stop all ventilation air flow through the crankcase. This will cause higher vacuum in the crankcase that will make the PCV valve go completely closed, except it may stay open just a crack to process blow by gasses. Stopping the fresh air ventilation flow will make the engine idle slightly slower, and the fuel mixture will be a little rich, so it should then have an abnormally slow rough idle. 

Third, if the valve cover inlet vent should happen to get clogged up during normal operation, the results will be similar to the second case with rich running. This can foul spark plugs and carbon up combustion chambers as well as accumulating water and other nasty things in the crankcase. Resulting damage could lead to a large repair bill. This could happen if the inlet filter in a vented oil filler cap becomes clogged. That is why service instructions call for changing the vented type oil cap periodically. 

Fourth, if the piston rings or cylinder walls are badly worn, beyond the normal expected range of normal engine life (or if the piston rings are stuck in the grooves), the blow by volume may be more than the PCV valve can process. In this case the PCV valve will be wide open and there may also be positive pressure in the crankcase. This would result in reverse flow through the valve cover inlet vent and possible expulsion of oil past the normal engine seals. Then you can hang up your jock and go home while you contemplate the cost of the required engine overhaul. 

Thank you for attending, and you can pick up your diploma on the way out. 

possible parts ref 

Soarhorse N46 Engine PCV Valve Vacuum Control Valve cover For BMW E60 E81 E88 E90 E91 E92 E93 X1 E84 Z4 E85

Satnely A Meyer GAs Processor  Air intak
mgb-pcv-valve-early.jpg

this is a clip just to give some reference on  some options on finding parts also can use egr valves  see egr valves 

many brands have parts just one example to source and incorporate into gas processor 

In response to the multitude of questions that come up on oil consumption, valve cover changes, and de-smogging I wanted to do a write up on the MGB PCV system. I have gone through quite a few trials due to a poorly functioning PCV system. I cannot stress enough the importance of this system and the fact that it should stay on the car.

A poorly functioning system can:

  • Cause excessive oil consumption

  • Cause oil to blow by gasket and seals

  • Poor idle

  • Foul the entire breathing side of the engine from carbs to exhaust, including the catalytic converter on later models.

  • Decreased efficiency (MPGs)

I've borrowed heavily from an article at British Automotive. I am afraid that with their recent closing this information may disappear into the ether.

So here is a run down of the various crankcase ventilation methods that have been used on the MGB:

MGB 1963 - 1964

This system was basically an "open" system. The tappet chest had a draft tube that was open to the air. The fitting from the valve cover had a 5/32" diameter restrictor in the line that connected to the front air cleaner. A vented oil filler cap was used that had a 1/8" hole in it.

MGB 1965 - early 1968

These years had the first true PCV system. The restricted valve cover connection had disappeared. The tappet chest was connected to a PCV valve which was then connected to the intake manifold. Manifold vacuum controlled the operation of the valve. Oil separation was not very good on this system and you'll often find the valve has oil in it. The oil filler cap had a 5/32" vent on these models.

Components of the early MGB PCV (crankcase ventilation) emissions system

MGB Late 1968 - 1969

The PCV valve was retained but redesigned during these model years. The introduction of a direct connection to the carbs via a Y-connector was also made in this revision. The same 5/32" vent in the oil filler cap was present.

MGB 1970 - 1974

The first "closed" PCV system appeared on this revision of the PCV system. There were several changes made to direct crankcase gasses to the carbon canisters and carburetors. First, the vented oil cap was changed to a sealed one. Venting was moved to an elbow on the valve cover. This elbow had a 5/64" restrictor on the end. This piece often goes missing as it was just slipped into the end of the elbow. One can be reconstructed using a 1/2" diameter freeze plug with the 5/64" hole drilled in it. Then it can be pushed into the 1/2" hose that connects to the canister. The PCV valve was deleted and the carburetors were connected directly to the tappet chest via the Y-pipe.

MGB 1975 Onward

This system was the same as the 1970-1974 system except that the single carb no longer required the Y-pipe like the dual carb setup. The direction of the elbow on the valve cover was also rotated 90 degs.

In all cases the valve cover gasket and rubber grommets need to be in good shape and sealing properly to ensure conditions for correct functioning of the PCV system.

In closing, the vent holes in all of these systems must be of correct size and unclogged. Small or clogged vent holes will pressurize the crankcase causing oil to escape any way possible including past the rings and out any oil seals.

Removing the restrictors in the valve cover elbows is also detrimental as oil will quickly be sucked out of the crankcase by the carburetors. Driving for just and hour at speed will suck enough oil out of the system to cause bearing failure! It is also essentially causing a 1/2" vacuum leak. Idle will be poor and an excessively rich mixture will be required to get the car to run properly not to mention the oily mess in your intake system. Rich mixture plus burning oil equals early destruction of a good catalytic converter.

Be good to your engine and make sure it breathes properly.

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